Expression of algD Gene in Single- and Dual-Species Biofilms of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus Under Starvation Stress

Dual-species biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus generate difficultto-treat illnesses. Nutrition stress in affects physiology, microbial metabolism, species interactions, impacting bacteria growth survival. Furthermore, the function alginate, which is encoded by algD gene, production has been established. The present study aimed at investigating impact starvation on gene expression single-species biofilm P. dual-species S. from hospital sewage. A total six isolates were obtained microbiology laboratory Department Biology, College Science, University Baghdad, Iraq. These are multidrug-resistant various sewage stations Baghdad city. co-cultured as singleand full-strength brain heart infusion broth (BHIB) 1000-fold diluted BHIB. In order to evaluate level that had treated starvation, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was utilized. results demonstrated significantly (P< 0.05) up regulated (3.117 4.532-fold). However, down (0.001 0.901-fold). conclusion, malnutrition but it dual-biofilms. This work helps create biofilm-related disease treatments.